Achad Ha’am or Asher Ginsburg — 1856-1927 Ukrainian Hebrew essayist & one of the foremost pre-state Zionist thinkers. Espoused secular vision of Jewish state in Palestine. Strived for “..a Jewish state and not just a state of Jews.” Opposed Theodore Herzl;s political Zionism, therefore. Emphasized the importance of developing Hebrew and Jewish cultural in Palestine and the diaspora. Critical role in bringing reviving Hebrew in the new state and cementing the state and Hebrew and Jewish.