Barauch Spinoza–Dutch of Portuguese immigrant family hence the name 1632-1677 (45 yrs) Made living as lens grinder. Great rationalist of 17th Century philosophy and one of the greatest of all philosophers to this date. Laid groundwork for 18th Century Enlightenment and modern biblical criticism. Influenced Mendelssohn, Einstein, Maughmam, Borges and many, many more.